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About Tewkesbury
Tewkesbury is a town in Gloucestershire,
England. It stands at the confluence of the River Severn and the River
Avon, and also minor tributaries the Swilgate and Carrant Brook. It
gives its name to the Borough of Tewkesbury, of which the town is the
second largest settlement.
The name Tewkesbury comes from Theoc, the name of a Saxon who founded a
hermitage there in the 7th century, and in the Old English tongue was
called Theocsbury.
History
Tewkesbury is named after Theocalious, a hermit who founded
Tewkesbury,(originally named Threwshon the name adapted to Tewkesbury
over the years) in the 7th century.[1] Evidence of a church predating
the abbey suggests that a considerable settlement rose up on the site
previous to the Norman Conquest.[2] Evidence of monastic buildings from
the years immediately following the conquest can still be seen
surrounding Tewkesbury Abbey,[2] which was begun in 1090 and consecrated
on 23 October 1121.
Tewkesbury was the site of the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471. At
the “Bloody Meadow,” south of the town, Edward IV's Yorkist forces
defeated the House of Lancaster in a historic battle of the Wars of the
Roses with a bloody aftermath. Tewkesbury was incorporated during the
reign of Elizabeth I.
Like many towns in the west of England, Tewkesbury played an important
part in the development of religious dissent. English Dissenters in
Tewkesbury contributed to the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685, and Samuel
Jones ran an important academy for dissenters, whose students included
Samuel Chandler, future archbishop Thomas Secker and Joseph Butler, in
the early 18th century.
Historically, Tewkesbury is a market town, serving the local rural area.
It underwent some expansion in the period following World War II.
Tewkesbury has also been a centre for flour milling for many centuries,
and the water mill, the older Abbey Mill still stands though it has now
been converted for residential use.
Until recently flour was still milled at a
more modern mill a short way upriver on the site of the town quay; parts
of the mill dated to 1865 when it was built for Healings and it was once
thought to be the largest and most modern flour mill in the world. The
Mill has, in the course of its history, had three forms of transport in
and out: road, railway, and canal and river barge. Whilst the railway
line was brought up along with the rest of the Tewkesbury to
Upton-upon-Severn railway line (originally running to Malvern) in 1961,
the two barges "Chaceley" and "Tirley" remained in service right up to
1998 transporting grain from Avonmouth and Sharpness to the plant.
However, the mill closed in November 2006, ending at least 800 years of
milling in Tewkesbury and 140 years of milling on that particular
site.[6] The two barges were also sold and left Tewkesbury for the last
time in March 2007.
The town also hosts a large Armed forces vehicle supply and maintenance
depot at nearby Ashchurch. During the early 1990s, several local shops
and businesses closed, including the town's Roses Theatre; the latter
re-opened in 1996
Landmarks:
The Tewkesbury War Memorial, locally known as the CrossThe town features
many notable Tudor buildings, but its major claim to fame is Tewkesbury
Abbey, a fine Norman Abbey, originally part of a monastery, which was
saved from the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII after
being bought by the townspeople for £453 to use as their parish
church.[16] Most of the monastery buildings, as well as the vineyards,
were destroyed during this time. The Abbey Mill however still remains,
resting upon the Mill Avon, a channel built by the monks. The weir
exists to this day, and the channel represents one of the biggest
projects in Tewkesbury's history, though the present sluice gate dates
only from the 1990s, replacing two installed in the 1930s. The Abbey
Mill is also sometimes known as "Abel Fletcher's Mill", but this is
simply the name given to it in Dinah Craik's novel John Halifax,
Gentleman, whose setting Norton Bury is based on Tewkesbury.
The Abbey is also thought to be the site of the place where the hermit
"Theoc" once lived. The great Romanesque arch on the west front is
particularly striking, and the stained glass window at this end has
recently been restored. The monastery was founded by the Despensers as a
family mausoleum, and the Despenser and Neville tombs are stunning
examples of small-scale late medieval stonework. The tower is believed
to be the largest Norman tower still in existence (though that at
Norwich Cathedral is another strong contender). The tower once had a
wooden spire which may have taken the total height of the building to as
much as 260 feet (79 m), but this was unfortunately blown off in a heavy
storm on Easter Monday 1559; the present pinnacles and battlements were
added in 1600 to give the tower a more "finished" look. The height to
the top of the pinnacles is 148 feet (45 m). The Abbey is thought to be
the third largest church in Britain that is not a cathedral (after
Westminster Abbey and Beverley Minster). From end to end it measures 312
feet (95 m), though prior to the destruction of the original Lady Chapel
(also at the time of the dissolution), the Abbey's total length was 375
feet (114 m). The Abbey is a parish church, still used for daily
services, and is believed to be the second-largest parish church in
England, again, after Beverley Minster.
The Royal Hop Pole, mentioned in 'The Pickwick papers' Tewkesbury claims
Gloucestershire's oldest public house, the Black Bear, dating from
1308.[18] Other notable buildings are the Royal Hop Pole Hotel in Church
Street (which has recently been converted into a part of the
Wetherspoons pub chain with the discovery of a former medieval
banqueting hall in the structure), mentioned in Charles Dickens' The
Pickwick Papers, the Bell Hotel, a large half-timbered structure
opposite the Abbey gateway, and the House of the Nodding Gables in the
High Street. The historic Abbey Cottages, over 500 years old, were
rescued from dereliction in the 1970s; one houses a museum, the others
are residential homes and commercial offices. At the Tudor House Hotel
in the High Street however, although it is indeed chiefly a Tudor
building, the frontage comprises artificial half-timbering attached to a
brick-built facade. Marks & Spencers was once the location of the Swan
Hotel, where a balcony still is today and from which local election
results were announced.
Also notable to the town's architecture is the Old Baptist Chapel (on
Church Street) built in about 1655, as one of the earliest examples from
that denomination, behind the chapel is a small cemetery of those who
were members of the chapel.
Just to the west of the town is Thomas Telford's impressive Mythe Bridge
over the River Severn, a cast-iron structure with a 170-foot span,
opened in 1826. Tewkesbury's other notable bridge is the stone-built
King John's Bridge over the Avon, commissioned by King John in the late
12th century as part of improvements to the main road from Gloucester to
Worcester. Original stonework can still be seen on its north side; the
bridge was considerably widened in the early 1960s to meet modern
traffic requirements.
Festivals and fairs:
In February Tewkesbury holds a Winter Beer Festival, organised by the
Tewkesbury branch of CAMRA. Since 2005, an annual Food and Drink
Festival has been held, in or near the Abbey grounds.
In July the town hosts Tewkesbury Medieval
Festival, "Europe's largest battle re-enactment and fair". Thousands of
re-enactors travel to the town from around the world to re-enact the
Battle of Tewkesbury near to the original battle site. The festival
includes a "living history" recreation of a medieval encampment, games,
food and a large fair where re-enactment clothing, furniture and
weaponry can be purchased. In 2008 the festival celebrated its 25th
Anniversary.
Tewkesbury Medieval Festival 2007In July the Water Festival takes place
with events on the river and the banks including an evening procession
of brightly-lit boats normally ending with an impressive firework
display. The festival started in 1996 but its future is now in question
due to funding issues and the 2006 event was much reduced in scale.
Ironically, the event was cancelled in 2007 as it coincided with the
Summer 2007 Floods. It did in fact go ahead later in the year and was a
great success. The event was scheduled again for 2008 on Saturday,
September 20, but was again cancelled due to flooding in the weeks prior
to the event.
In October the town holds the annual Mop
Fair. Originally a "hiring" fair where people came to seek employment,
the event is now just a large funfair taking over much of the centre of
town. The Fair itself is also an underlining point of Tewkesbury's
industrial past, as Walker Gallopers were produced in the area by
Walkers in the early 20th century.[21] The Fair is organised by the
Tewkesbury Fair Society.
Every year at the end of July and into August the Abbey hosts a festival
of liturgical music entitled Musica Deo Sacra (Music Sacred to God).
Notable people:
** Henry Disston (industrialist) was born in Tewkesbury on May 24, 1819
** Robert Harold Compton (South African botanist) was born in Tewkesbury
on August 6, 1886
** Henry Green (author) was born in Tewkesbury on October 29, 1905
** Anna Ford (newsreader and TV presenter) was born in Tewkesbury on
October 2, 1943
** Eric Morecambe (British comedian) collapsed backstage at the town's
Roses Theatre on 24 May 1984
** Lesley Brain (Reality TV Star) appeared in Big Brother and was billed
as a member of the Women's Institute
** John Moore (writer) was born in Tewkesbury on November 10, 1907
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Tewkesbury and you would like to take advantage of our Web Design offers
for residence of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire, then please click here
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Tewkesbury
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