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About Berkeley.

Berkeley (pronounced /berkli/) is a town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It lies in the Vale of Berkeley between the east bank of the River Severn and the M5 motorway within the Stroud administrative district. The town is noted for Berkeley Castle where the imprisoned Edward II was murdered.

History:

The town of Berkeley sits on an outcrop of sandstone in the Vale of Berkeley and overlooking the River Seven.

Evidence of Iron-Age and Roman occupation have been found in and around the town; during the Saxon period the town had its own Mint.

Chartered by King Edward I in the thirteenth century the town grew to become a busy port exporting all manner of foodstuffs along with limestone, timber, coal and wool to the newly discovered colonies.

Berkeley has been the site of Christian worship for over 1000 years, once the site of a Saxon Minster (a missionary church) and a nunnery.

St.Mary's church has some fine examples of 13th century stone work, there is a Perpendicular mortuary chapel with some superb monuments and a detached 18th century tower, the churchyard has a number of notable tombs including that of Dicky Pearce the last Court Jester who died whilst performing at Berkeley Castle! The town is dominated by Berkeley Castle built in 1117 but now mostly fourteenth century having been remodelled in the 1350`s.

The castle has been in the hands of the Berkeley family for over 900 years and has seen many historic events, the murder of King Edward II in 1327 perhaps the most infamous. The castle houses many fine collections of ceramics, paintings and silverware acquired by the family over the generations as well as national treasures such as Sir Francis Drake's cabin chest; the castle's archive has over 20000 documents dating back to the early 12th century. The town's most famous son is Edward Jenner (1749-1823), the discoverer of immunology and vaccination as a cure for disease, his former home is now the Jenner which houses not only exhibits of Jenner's life but into immunology as a whole. He is buried in St.Marys church.

Geography:
Berkeley is located mid-way between Bristol and Gloucester. It is built on a small hill in the Vale of Berkeley. The town is on the Little Avon River, which flows into the Severn at Berkeley Pill. The Little Avon was tidal, and so navigable, for some distance inland (as far as Berkeley itself and the Sea Mills at Ham) until a 'tidal reservoir' was implemented at Berkeley Pill in the late 1960s.

History:
Berkeley was first recorded in 824 as Berclea, from the Old English for "birch-tree wood or clearing"

Berkeley was a significant place in medieval times. It was a port and market-town, and the meeting place of the hundred of Berkeley. The parish of Berkeley was the largest in Gloucestershire[2]. The parish included the tithings of Alkington, Breadstone, Ham, Hamfellow and Hinton, and the chapelry of Stone, which became a separate parish in 1797. Hinton became a separate civil parish, and the separate ecclesiastical parish of Sharpness with Purton[3], in the 20th century.

Berkeley was also the site of Berkeley nuclear power station, which has two Magnox nuclear reactors. This power station, the first commercial British reactor to enter operation, has since been decommissioned and all that remains are the two reactors encased in concrete. The administrative centre adjacent to the station is still active however - the centre was founded as Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories in the early 1960s and was one of the three principal research laboratories of the CEGB.

Transport:
Just north of Berkeley lies the port of Sharpness, one of the most inland in Britain. The Gloucester & Sharpness Canal (originally known as the Gloucester & Berkeley canal) starts here.

From 1876 to 1964 the town had a railway station, originally on a branch from a junction at Berkeley Road on the Bristol and Gloucester Railway. From 1879 the branch became a through-route to Lydney when the Severn Railway Bridge was opened. However, the bridge was damaged beyond repair by a ship collision in 1960.

Education:
The local secondary school is in Wanswell, Berkeley is Vale of Berkeley College. Berkeley also has a small primary school.

Notable People:
Berkeley was the birthplace of Edward Jenner, the originator of vaccination. After studying medicine in London he returned home to work as the local doctor, and in 1796, realising that Milk Maids didn't catch smallpox, he performed a pioneering experiment by inoculating his gardener's son with cowpox, thus preventing infection from smallpox. The Chantry, Jenner's home in Berkeley for 38 years, is now The Edward Jenner Museum. John Fitzhardinge Paul Butler VC was also born here.

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